ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the records of the creation of new companies in the department of Magdalena (Colombia), mainly between 2019 and 2020. In the same way, an analysis of epidemiology control measures is developed at the national and departmental levels to better understand COVID-19 containment initiatives. For the development of this study, the data on business creation of the last five years (2016 - 2020) in Magdalena was taken as a reference;as well as measures for epidemiological control at the national level (prevent, mitigate, and suppress), along with those adopted specifically for Magdalena were analyzed. Among the main findings, it was found that, when comparing the years 2019 and 2020, there was a 2.6% decrease in the creation of new companies in Magdalena, a percentage that represents 202 production units less than in 2019;This downward trend in the creation of companies came from 2019, the year in which there was a 0.8% drop in the establishment of new companies compared to 2018 -62 fewer companies-;the overwhelming drop in 2020 is a reflection of the disastrous effect of the appearance of COVID-19 on business dynamics in Magdalena;On the other hand, the business associations management measures were a key important factor. Additionally, the financial support to boost the economy in Magdalena, as well as a prudent chronology - in terms of epidemiological controls in the Territory.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic has had the world on edge since its inception in December 2019 in southern China. Its global reach obeys that SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent, has shown a high facility to be transmitted between humans. Since then, governments of all nations have deployed a battery of measures to lessen its consequences. According to the growth of the contagion, containment, mitigation, or suppression measures are used. The scientific basis for the measures is derived from knowledge of the biological characteristics of the virus and its transmission routes. Therefore, this work will review the biology of the coronavirus, the physics of its transmission and the concept of infection doses that allow understanding the health interventions used to reduce cases and deaths from the disease, especially in the Latin American context.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of a special regime (National Army) in two different Colombian municipalities, as well as to analyse possible risk factors and conditions that favour the contagion of COVID-19. Material and Methods: Ecological study, including 377 participants from different age groups. Sociodemographic data such as age, sex, place of residence, social habits, and clinical characteristics such as blood type, presence of symptoms, were collected to describe the prevalence of these aspects in the population suspected or confirmed with COVID-19, as well as the creation of comparative analyses among those characteristics. Results: The 52.7% of the participants were positive cases for COVID-19 and 47.3% were suspected cases with negative molecular tests;of the positive population 54.8% were symptomatic, in the negative population 11.79% were symptomatic;the mean age for the symptomatic positive cases was 25.94 ± 6.40 years, while the mean age for the negative cases was 23.94 ± 9.57 years, the mean duration of symptoms for the positive cases it was 4.51 ± 1.55 days, the mean duration of symptoms for negative cases was 4.80 ± 1.60 days;for positive cases the most predominant blood group was O + with 64.82%, for the group of negative cases the most prevalent blood group was O + with 63.48%. Conclusions: No relationship was found between the presence of blood groups and severity secondary to COVID-19 infection. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of the prevalence of clinical and / or sociodemographic characteristics with respect to the general population, a higher prevalence of social habits such as tobacco or cigarette consumption was found in positive patients with COVID-19 compared to the negative population. © 2021 Instituto de Altos Estudios de Salud Publica. All rights reserved.